iHMGECs, iHCECs and iHConjECs were cultured with different concentrations of BAK (5 μg/ml to 0.005 μg/ml) or FA (1 mg/ml to 1 μg/ml) under basal, proliferating or differentiating conditions up to 7 days. Accordingly, we tested the influence of BAK and FA on the morphology, survival, and proliferation and signaling ability of immortalized human meibomian gland (iHMGECs), corneal (iHCECs) and conjunctival (iHConjECs) epithelial cells. We hypothesize that these preservatives, at concentrations (BAK = 1 mg/ml FA = 0.74 mg/ml) approved for consumer use, are toxic to human ocular surface and adnexal cells. These preservatives include benzalkonium chloride (BAK) and formaldehyde (FA)-releasing preservatives. Our results support our hypothesis and demonstrate that the cosmetic preservatives, BAK and FA, exert many toxic effects on cells of the ocular surface and adnexa.Ĭosmetic products, such as mascara, eye shadow, eyeliner and eye makeup remover are used extensively to highlight the eyes or clean the eyelids, and typically contain preservatives to prevent microbial growth. Cellular signaling, as indicated by AKT phosphorylation after 15 (FA) or 30 ( BAK) minutes of treatment, was also reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in all 3 cell types, irrespective of whether cells had been cultured under proliferating or differentiating conditions. Many of the concentrations tested induced cell atrophy, poor adherence, decreased proliferation and death, after 5 days of exposure. Our results demonstrate that BAK and FA cause dose-dependent changes in the morphology, survival, proliferation and AKT signaling of iHMGECs, iHCECs and iHConjECs. Experimental procedures included analyses of cell appearance, cell number, and neutral lipid content (LipidTox), lysosome accumulation (LysoTracker) and AKT signaling in all 3 cell types. We used low BAK levels, because we found that 0.5 mg/ml and 50 μg/ml BAK killed iHMGECs within 1 day after a 15 min exposure. iHMGECs, iHCECs and iHConjECs were cultured with different concentrations of BAK (5 μg/ml to 0.005 μg/ml) or FA (1 mg/ml to 1 μg/ml) under basal, proliferating or differentiating conditions up to 7 days. Accordingly, we tested the influence of BAK and FA on the morphology, survival, and proliferation and signaling ability of immortalized human meibomian gland (iHMGECs), corneal (iHCECs) and conjunctival (iHConjECs) epithelial cells. We hypothesize that these preservatives, at concentrations ( BAK = 1 mg/ml FA = 0.74 mg/ml) approved for consumer use, are toxic to human ocular surface and adnexal cells. These preservatives include benzalkonium chloride ( BAK) and formaldehyde (FA)-releasing preservatives. One can paint a posterized portrait of a favorite celebrity, a detailed painting, or a photo of a pet.Cosmetic products, such as mascara, eye shadow, eyeliner and eye makeup remover are used extensively to highlight the eyes or clean the eyelids, and typically contain preservatives to prevent microbial growth. But once a month, the paintbar has special events, such as Paint Your Pet, Couples Art, Wine Glass Painting and Lumify. The last one uses lightbox technology to project an image through the canvas for easy tracing. Most nights, Muse Paintbar artists paint on the classic canvas. The Legacy Place Muse Paintbar currently has five artists to help with instructions. These paintings include "Blossoming Bridge," "Pink Salmon Sunset," "Dolphin Delight" and a monogrammed sign. "By bringing Muse to Legacy Place, we hope to add a more ‘artsy’ vibe, as well as give people something more to do than just shopping," said Legacy Place Muse Paintbar Manager Shannon O’Leary.įrom now until June 6, the Paintbar at Legacy will have "opening special" prices for their paintings. Last weekend, the much-anticipated MusePaintbar opened in Legacy Place, combining painting instruction with a restaurant and bar, while hosting sessions seven days a week.
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